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Living on a submarine is a unique experience that can be both challenging and rewarding. Submarines are designed to be self-contained environments, and as such, everything from sleeping quarters to dining areas is built to maximize space efficiency. The living quarters are usually very cramped, with little personal space and limited amenities.
Submariners often work long hours in close quarters and have to deal with various challenges, including long periods of time away from loved ones, limited access to fresh air and sunlight, and the constant hum of machinery.
Overall, living on a submarine is a unique experience that requires a great deal of dedication, discipline, and sacrifice. While it can be challenging at times, many submariners find the rewards of their work to be well worth the effort.
Not For Everyone
There might not be a place for everyone in the submarine life.
You will do well if you are a hard worker and don't mind lack of sleep and constant pressure. In the Navy, life on board is more challenging than life in other areas because everyone depends on you for their lives. During an emergency, there is no where to go and you must risk your life to save the ship and your fellow crew members.
Bunk Racks
The sleeping quarters on a submarine are often referred to as bunk racks.
Submariners typically sleep in narrow bunks that are arranged in rows, with each bunk having a small space for personal belongings. The bunks are designed to be space-efficient, so they are usually stacked on top of each other in multiple tiers, with a ladder or stairs providing access to the upper bunks. Because of the limited space, submariners often have to sleep in shifts, with some crew members resting while others are on duty.
Nuclear Reactor
Nuclear submarines are powered by a nuclear reactor that generates heat through a process called nuclear fission.
The nuclear reactor on a submarine can operate for many years without refueling, which allows the submarine to remain submerged for extended periods without needing to surface. The use of nuclear power also provides a significant advantage in terms of speed and range, as nuclear-powered submarines can travel faster and further than conventionally powered submarines.
Outside World Communication
Communication to the outside world can be challenging due to the vessel's location and the need to maintain stealth and security.
Submarines use a variety of communication methods, including radio waves, satellite communications, and acoustic communication. To maintain stealth and security, submarines often use encryption and other security measures to protect their communications from interception or detection by other vessels. Submarines may also use a system called "burst transmission," which involves sending brief, high-power transmissions to minimize the chance of detection by enemy forces.
"Load Day"
"Load Day" is a term used in the US Navy to describe the day when a submarine is loaded with supplies and equipment before departing on a mission or deployment
On Load Day, the submarine's crew will typically load supplies such as food, water, and fuel, as well as spare parts and equipment needed for maintenance and repairs. The crew will also conduct a thorough inventory of all supplies and equipment to ensure that nothing has been overlooked.
Lack of Sunlight
The lack of sunlight on a submarine can have several physical and psychological effects on the crew.
One of the most significant effects of a lack of sunlight is the disruption of the body's circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is the body's internal clock that regulates sleep, hormone production, and other bodily functions. It can also result in a vitamin D deficiency, which is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth.
Short Showers
Short showers are a necessity on submarines due to the limited supply of freshwater available for the crew's use.
Short showers help to conserve freshwater and ensure that there is enough water available for all crew members to use for drinking, cooking, and other essential tasks. Crew members are typically limited to a few minutes for each shower, and they must turn the water off while soaping and shampooing to conserve water.
Swim Calls
A rare opportunity for crew members to get some time in the water while on patrol.
Swim calls can be a welcome break for crew members who spend extended periods of time on a submarine without the opportunity to go outside or get some fresh air. They provide crew members with an opportunity to stretch their legs, get some exercise, and enjoy some time in the water.
6-Hour Watches
Shifts are typically six hours long and are known as "watches."
The six-hour shift system on a submarine is designed to balance the need for operational readiness with the crew's health and well-being. Crew members work in rotating shifts to maintain the submarine's operations 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and have time off-duty to rest and engage in recreational activities.
Rescue Chamber
One of the most common types of escape hatches on a submarine is the rescue chamber or escape trunk.
The rescue chamber is a small chamber that is pressurized to match the water pressure outside the submarine. Crew members can enter the rescue chamber and close the hatch behind them. Once the hatch is sealed, the chamber can be flooded, and crew members can open a top hatch to escape to the surface.
"Bubblehead"
"Bubblehead" is a term commonly used to refer to submariners, particularly in the United States Navy.
It is a nickname that refers to the fact that submarines operate below the surface of the water, in a "bubble" of air. The term is often used as a badge of honor among submariners.
18-Year-Old Helmsman
Sailors as young as 18 years old may be responsible for driving a submarine in the US Navy.
While sailors as young as 18 years old may operate a submarine in the US Navy, they undergo extensive training and must meet strict qualifications before they are authorized to do so. The Navy places a strong emphasis on safety and professionalism, and there are multiple levels of oversight and supervision to ensure that the crew and the submarine are operating safely and effectively.
No Windows
Submarines do not have windows or portholes for crew members to look out of.
Having windows or portholes would weaken the submarine's hull and could compromise its integrity and safety. Instead, submarines use a variety of sensors, cameras, and periscopes to gather visual information about the outside environment. These systems allow the crew to navigate, detect other vessels, and conduct surveillance without exposing the submarine to unnecessary risks.
Limiting Noise
Everything in a submarine is designed and modified to limit noise.
This is because noise can be detected by sonar systems, which are used to locate and track other vessels, and can compromise the submarine's stealth and safety. Pictured above is rubber shock absorbers under the treadmill.
Keep The Cook Happy
A happy and motivated cook can help to boost crew morale and contribute to the overall well-being of the crew.
Providing the cook with the resources and support they need to do their job effectively, recognizing their contributions to the crew, and maintaining open communication can all help to contribute to a positive and productive work environment on the submarine.
Submarine Chow
Submarine chow is some of the best in the Navy.
The cook is often given a lot of autonomy to develop their own menus and recipes. This allows them to cater to the specific tastes and preferences of the crew, and to experiment with new dishes and cooking techniques.
Steel Beach Picnic
"Steel beach picnic" is a term used by sailors to describe a meal that is eaten on the deck of the submarine while it is on the surface.
A steel beach picnic is a welcome break from the routine of life on a submarine, and it provides an opportunity for the crew to bond and enjoy each other's company in a unique and memorable setting.
Extended Family
Because the crew is confined to a small space for extended periods of time, they develop close relationships and rely on each other for support and camaraderie.
This sense of camaraderie and mutual support is particularly important during long deployments, when the crew may be separated from their families and loved ones for months at a time. Shipmates are there to provide emotional support, lend a helping hand, and offer a listening ear when needed.
Under The Ice
Submarines sometimes break through the ice to surface on the North Pole.
Submarines can break through ice to surface at the North Pole, but it's rare. The main reason for this is that the ice at the North Pole is usually several feet thick, and breaking through it can be extremely difficult and dangerous.
Polar Bear Welcome
Although Santa wasn't present, these polar bears gave a warm welcome.
Credit to the U.S Navy for this photo of polar bears welcoming their submarine breach to the North Pole.
"Shellback"
"Shellback" is a nickname given to sailors who have crossed the equator, often as part of a traditional naval ceremony known as the "crossing the line" ceremony.
The ceremony is a time-honored tradition in which sailors who have not previously crossed the equator are initiated into the "mysteries" of the sea by King Neptune and his court. During the ceremony, the "pollywogs" (sailors who have not crossed the equator before) are subjected to a series of rituals and tests designed to prove their worthiness to become "shellbacks" (sailors who have crossed the equator).
Few Have A "Blue Nose"
"Blue Nose" is a nickname given to sailors who have crossed the Arctic Circle in a Navy vessel.
Becoming a "Blue Nose" is considered a significant accomplishment in naval culture and is a way for sailors to bond with each other and to celebrate their shared experiences and the unique challenges of life at sea, particularly in the harsh conditions of the Arctic.
"Folks, Let's Go Home"
The best words a commanding officer could ever say are, "Folks, let's go home."
The CO's announcement that it is time to go home is a moment of validation for the crew, a recognition that their hard work and sacrifice has paid off and that they have fulfilled their mission. It is a moment to savor and cherish, and to look forward to the next deployment with renewed determination and a sense of purpose.
Expelling Waste
Submarines are equipped with advanced wastewater treatment systems that can process sewage and other waste products onboard before they are discharged into the sea.
The wastewater treatment system on a submarine typically consists of several stages, including screening, settling, biological treatment, and disinfection. The system removes solid and liquid waste, and treats the remaining wastewater to a level that meets or exceeds regulatory requirements for discharge into the sea.
Zero Personal Space
Personal space is obviously limited on submarines.
The design of submarines is intended to maximize their operational capabilities, and as a result, living quarters and common areas are compact and shared among the crew.
The Mess Hall
The mess hall on a submarine is the area where the crew gathers to eat their meals.
It is typically a small space that is designed to maximize efficiency and space utilization. The mess hall serves as a communal space where the crew can socialize, relax, and take a break from their duties.
Ballast Testing
On a submarine, ballast is used to control the depth and trim of the vessel.
By adding or removing water from various ballast tanks, the submarine can change its buoyancy and maneuver underwater. This involves filling and emptying the ballast tanks to verify that they are functioning as designed and that there are no leaks or malfunctions.
Bathrooms, or "Heads"
The heads on a submarine are typically small, utilitarian spaces that are designed to conserve water and space.
It is possible for a submarine to have a couple of small, cramped bathrooms around the ship, but most of the time, there will only be one tiny bathroom for close to 40 men.
Controlled Atmosphere
Submarines are equipped with sophisticated monitoring systems that constantly measure and analyze the atmosphere inside the vessel.
Changes in temperature, humidity, or air pressure can affect the operation of sensitive equipment and systems, such as sonar or communications gear. Changes in the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, or other gases can also affect the health and wellbeing of the crew.
Laid Back Grooming
The grooming rules are more relaxed than in other branches of the military.
In spite of the Navy's reputation for cleanliness and facial hair, it grants a more lax attitude toward submariners. It's understandable that these men don't want to shave every day considering they've been trapped in a tube for months.
"Angles and Danglers"
"Angles and Danglers" is a phrase used in submarine slang to refer to loose items or equipment that are not properly stowed or secured.
These loose items can swing or move unpredictably, hence the term "danglers," while items that are resting at an angle due to being improperly stowed are referred to as "angles."
Nukes!
Some may find the cramped living conditions appealing, but sharing the same space with massively destructive weapons might be off-putting.
For months, you may have to deal with torpedoes, advanced ballistic missiles, and even nuclear warheads.
What Time Is It?
Time is almost impossible to keep track of.
An underwater giant submarine doesn't get much time to bask in the sun or moonlight since it's chugging along at the bottom of the ocean. Due to the odd schedules the crew members follow, it's really easy to lose track of time.
45° Angle
What is the angle at which the entire ship ascends and descends?
During depth changes, a submarine's entire body will angle upwards/downwards almost 45° - forcing the crew to brace themselves.
Life Can Get Boring
A submarine is not just high-stakes action and torpedo battles.
Things are usually boring and monotonous. There isn't much excitement in your day-to-day routine, but that's fine for some people. A submarine's excitement indicates that the world is in danger.
"Cranking"
"Cranking" is a term used in the US Navy to refer to the duties of a junior enlisted sailor
Cranking is often seen as a rite of passage for new sailors on a submarine. It can be a demanding and sometimes unpleasant experience, but it also provides an opportunity to learn new skills, work as part of a team, and gain a better understanding of life on a submarine.
Breach of Trust
Stealing or thieving while on patrol on a submarine is a serious offense and is considered a breach of trust and discipline.
Stealing while on patrol on a submarine is a serious offense that can have significant consequences for the crew member and the overall mission. Maintaining a culture of integrity and professionalism is essential for the safe and effective operation of the submarine.
Getting Oxygen
How do the crew members get breathable oxygen?
An oxygen generator on a submarine works by using a chemical process to extract oxygen from the air. Specifically, the generator uses a process called electrolysis to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen gas. The hydrogen is then vented overboard, while the oxygen is purified and delivered to the submarine's air supply system.
Hydration
How can they get freshwater in the middle of an ocean?
Submarines have a distillation apparatus onboard that initially collects a given volume of seawater and heats it until it becomes water vapor. This desalinates from the seawater.
Small Gym
While space is limited on a submarine, physical fitness is crucial for the crew's health and readiness.
The size and amenities of the gym can vary depending on the submarine's class and age. Older submarines may have more limited gym facilities due to their smaller size and design constraints.
Earning Dolphin Pin
The dolphin pin, or submarine warfare insignia, is a gold or silver pin that features a dolphin flanked by two submarine dolphins, and it is worn on the uniform of qualified submariners.
To earn the dolphin pin, submariners must undergo rigorous training, testing, and qualification processes, which can take several months to a year to complete. They must demonstrate proficiency in various aspects of submarine operations, including submarine systems, damage control, and emergency procedures.
Typical Tour
A typical tour on a submarine can last from six months to a year.
Be prepared to commit if you want to become an expert submariner. It isn't like crew members go down there for a few days, then come back up. It's common for tours to last almost six months.
Training
Training to become a submariner in the Navy is a rigorous and demanding process that involves several stages.
The first step is to complete basic training. After basic training, sailors who are selected for submarine duty attend Submarine School in Groton, Connecticut. Once sailors have completed Submarine School, they are assigned to a submarine and begin a period of on-the-job training under the guidance of experienced submariners.
Your Entire Life
15 square feet fits your entire life.
Imagine cramming everything you own into 15 square feet. As crew members share space with 40 others, that's the very real struggle they face.
Searching For Leaks
In a submerged boat, or submarine, what does the crew do after a full submersion?
Obviously, they're looking for leaks! No matter how big the leak or hole is, it needs to be covered or repaired quickly. This is literally a matter of life and death for them.
Don't Slam Doors
There is a very strict rule about slamming doors, since sailors get little sleep.
There are times when it is absolutely necessary to maintain complete silence in order to avoid enemy vessels detecting sonar. It is not permitted to slam doors or make loud noises.
Laundry Duty
Submarines usually have only one washer and dryer.
It can only handle a small amount of clothes every time it is used. There is no significant difference between these washers and dryers and those you have at home.
The Uniform
Submariners wear a special uniform unlike the rest of the navy.
As with other sailors, submarine sailors wear deep blue overalls made of lint-free polyester. It is possible for lint to clog the air filtration system on the submarine.
Anechoic Coating
Also known as sound-absorbing coating or RAM (radar-absorbent material) coating, is a material that is applied to the surface of submarines to reduce their acoustic signature.
It is designed to absorb or scatter incoming sound waves, thereby reducing the amount of sound that is reflected back and making the submarine less detectable by sonar systems. The anechoic coating is made up of a layer of rubber tiles, which are then covered with a layer of sound-absorbing material.
No Phones
Submarines operate in a highly secure environment, where electronic emissions can be detected and potentially give away their location.
As a result, sailors are not allowed to bring personal cellphones or other electronic devices that emit signals onto the submarine. Instead, submarines have their own communication systems for use during deployments.
Trash Removal
Submarines can accommodate more than 40 people, even in cramped quarters. Therefore, all those people produce a lot of trash.
Because some trash cannot be thrown away, it must be sorted until it can be unloaded and recycled onshore. The rest is dumped into the ocean in a special steel can.
Medical Treatment
A submarine has a medical practitioner, just like any other ship.
Though they're referred to as such onboard, they're not technically doctors. Assuring the crew's health, they treat both major and minor injuries. If necessary, they can even perform surgery.
Ballistic Missile Submarines (SSBN)
These submarines are designed to carry intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) with nuclear warheads.
They are an essential component of the United States' nuclear deterrence strategy, as they provide a secure and survivable platform for nuclear weapons.
Attack Submarines (SSN)
There's 3 main classes of submarines. Let's introduce attacks subs first.
These submarines are designed to locate and attack enemy ships and other submarines. They are equipped with torpedoes, missiles, and other weapons, as well as advanced sensors and communications systems that enable them to conduct surveillance and intelligence-gathering missions.
Cruise Missile Submarines (SSGN)
These submarines are converted from SSBNs and are equipped with a mix of conventional and nuclear-capable cruise missiles.
They are designed to conduct a wide range of missions, including special operations, strike warfare, and intelligence gathering.